Quiz Xi,styled Haochuan,a native of Nanhai,Guangdong Province,was one of the first practitioners of vaccination in China.Vaccination uses cowpox virus,and differs fundamentally from the immunization using attenuated smallpox virus practiced much earlier in China.Qiu learned the technique in Macao in 1805,and disseminated it in China for over a dacade.His Yin dou lüe (0utline of Vaccination)was the first monograph on the topic.Ruan Yuan(1764-1849)was one of the most powerful officials of his time and a proponent of Western astronomy.This poem was collected by Fan Xingzhun (Fan Shih),a leading historian of medicine.This is a reproduction from  Yi.Tue weisheng bao(Medical sanitation news).