1. Acute rhinitis
(1) Nasal obstruction is severe and often lasts one to two days.
(2) Nasal discharge occurs. At the beginning, nasal discharge is watery. But in one to two days, it will change into thick and sticky nasal discharge.
(3) General symptoms include fever, aversion to cold, headache, and poor appetite, etc.
(4) Local examination shows congestion and edema of the nasal mucosa, especially bilateral inferior nasal conchae.
2. Chronic simple rhinitis
(1) Nasal obstruction is intermittent or alternative. Generally, nasal obstruction abates or disappears after physical labour at daytime or in the environment with fresh and moist air; nasal obstruction aggravates in the case of prolonged sitting at night and fatigue as well as in the environment with cold turbid air or after drinking; in the case of a latericumbent position, severe nasal obstruction occurs in the lower side of the nasal cavity and mild nasal obstruction appears in the upper side of the nasal cavity. Nasal discharge is often muciform and semitransparent. Rhinophonia of nasal obstruction may exist when the patient speaks. Continue to read TCM Diagnosis for Acute Rhinitis.
(2) Local examination: Nasal mucosa is swollen, especially in the inferior nasal concha. Secretion of the nasal cavity lies in nasal floor, inferior nasal meatus or common nasal meatus. Palpation with a probe shows the concha is soft and elastic. The indentation will appear when the nasal concha is pressed by the probe and the indentation will vanish when the probe is withdrawn. Marked contraction of mucosa will occur when the mucosa contacts 1% ephedrine.
3. Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis
(1) Nasal obstruction is severer and mostly persistent. Often, hyposmia occurs. Obstruction rhinophonia will be severer when the patient speaks. Nasal discharge is mostly thick and mucous or mucopurulent which is not easily blown out. General symptoms may include tinnitus, headache, dizziness, hypomnesis, and insomnia, etc.
(2) Local Examination: The surface of the nasal mucosa is unsmooth, nodular or moruloid, with dark red or violet red. The inferior nasal concha may be hypertrophic. Nasal discharge often lies in nasal floor and inferior nasal meatus. Palpation of the nasal concha with a probe shows hardness and fullness. Indentation will not appear when the mucosa is pressed by a probe, or indentation appears without immediate vanishment. The contraction of mucosa is not sensitive to 1% ephedrine. Continue to read Symptoms of Acute Rhinitis in TCM.
